Types of Soils in India
Last updated: Apr 28, 2023India has six different types of soil:
- Alluvial Soil
- Black Soil
- Red Soil
- Laterite Soil
- Desert Soil
- Mountain Soil
Alluvial Soil
Alluvial soil is the most common type of soil found in India and covers about 40% of the total land area of the country. It is formed by the deposition of silt and clay by rivers and streams over thousands of years.
Important Features
- Rich in minerals and nutrients
- Ideal for agriculture
- Found in the Indo-Gangetic plains
Black Soil
Black soil, also known as regur soil, is found in the Deccan Plateau region of India and covers about 16% of the total land area of the country.
Important Features
- Rich in iron, lime, calcium, and magnesium
- Retains moisture well
- Ideal for cotton cultivation
Red Soil
Red soil is found in southern and eastern parts of India and covers about 10% of the total land area of the country.
Important Features
- Rich in iron oxide
- Low in nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter
- Ideal for growing crops like millets, tobacco, and vegetables
Laterite Soil
Laterite soil is found in areas with high rainfall and high temperatures like Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Orissa.
Important Features
- Rich in iron oxide and aluminum oxide
- Low in nitrogen and phosphorus
- Ideal for growing cashew nuts and tea
Desert Soil
Desert soil is found in arid regions like Rajasthan and Gujarat.
Important Features
- Low in organic matter
- High salt content
- Ideal for growing cactus and other succulent plants
Mountain Soil
Mountain soil is found in hilly regions like the Himalayas.
Important Features
- Rich in humus
- Low fertility due to erosion
- Ideal for growing apples, pears, walnuts, etc.
